What term is used to describe cells that are adapted to perform specific functions?

Cells that are adapted to perform specific functions are referred to as cell specialization. This process allows cells to develop unique structures and functions that contribute to the overall functioning of an organism. For example, muscle cells are specialized for contraction, nerve cells are designed for transmitting signals, and red blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen.

Cell specialization is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms, where different types of cells work together to carry out various biological processes. This adaptation often involves changes in the cell's shape, size, and internal components, which enhance their efficiency in performing their designated roles.

In contrast, cell diversity refers to the variety of cell types within an organism, but does not specifically indicate their adaptation to specific functions. Cell segmentation refers to the division of certain organisms into segments, which is a different biological concept. Tissue formation describes how specialized cells group together to form tissues, but it doesn't directly address the individual adaptations of the cells themselves.