What role does a sperm cell play in reproduction?

The function of a sperm cell in reproduction is primarily to fertilise the egg. In sexual reproduction, sperm cells are the male gametes that travel to the female reproductive system to meet and unite with the female gametes, or egg cells. This fertilization process is crucial because it combines the genetic material from both the male and female, leading to the formation of a zygote, which eventually develops into an embryo.

Sperm cells are uniquely adapted for this role; they have a streamlined shape and a flagellum, which allows them to swim efficiently towards the egg. The nucleus of the sperm contains genetic material that will contribute half of the genetic information required to form a new organism. This critical role in fertilization makes sperm cells essential for the continuation of a species.